Analysis of discrepancies between external body examination and forensic autopsy

At present in France, most of the medico-legal investigations are restricted to death scene investigation, which means there is only an external body examination without subsequent autopsy. The aim of our study was to show the limits of death scene investigation by establishing the rate of discrepancies between the results of external body examination and forensic autopsy.A retrospective study was carried out on 200 autopsy cases which were all preceded by death scene investigation and performed in 2002. For each case, age, sex, body weight, body state, place, and time of death were reported. The number of recent trauma lesions detectable at external body examination and at autopsy was studied. Conclusions about manner and cause of death between death scene investigation and autopsy were also studied. Discrepancy rate about interpretation of the lesions seen at external body examination and at autopsy was determined. Discrepancy between minor external trauma lesions and severe internal trauma lesions was also studied.The mean age of the studied population was 42.4 years. Sex ratio was 2.2. External body examination was limited by body state in 32% of the cases. The mean number of recent external trauma lesions recorded at autopsy was significantly higher than those recorded during death scene investigation. Manner and causes of death were undetermined after death scene investigation in 54.5% and 49% of the cases, respectively. When the cases were determined by death scene investigation, discrepancy rate, respectively, was 5% and 9% of all cases (n = 200) for manner and causes of death.Death scene investigation even carried out by a well-trained forensic physician is not reliable relative to cause and manner of death. Our study underlines the necessity in the future to perform more forensic autopsies in France, relying on the European harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules.