Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decision-Making Styles and Intolerance of Uncertainty.

Psychological reports·2026
Same author

The interplay between selective attention and summary statistics.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025
Same author

A selective sampling account of forming numerosity representations.

Psychological review·2025
Same author

Using diffusion models for symbolic numeracy tasks to examine aging effects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2024
Same author

Beyond discrete-choice options.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2024
Same author

Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2023
Same journal

Investigating the effect of post-retrieval imagery rescripting on the reinstatement of generalised fear.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

Bridging space and time in relational memory: enhanced integration of spatiotemporal contextual associations by emotion.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

Motion and intensity shape accuracy and confusion patterns in emotion recognition.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

Threat prioritisation under limited awareness in social anxiety: a review of masking and suppression paradigms.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

Effects of experimentally induced jealousy on support for feminine honor.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

The protective influence of trait mindfulness on psychological distress: the mediating role of negative cognition.

Cognition & emotion·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Dysphoria and memory for emotional material: A diffusion-model analysis.

Corey White1, Roger Ratcliff, Michael Vasey

  • 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Cognition & Emotion
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found that traditional analyses of memory tasks may miss depression-related effects. Using a diffusion model revealed emotional biases in memory, differing between dysphoric and non-dysphoric individuals.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression is linked to altered emotional memory processing.
  • Traditional memory tasks (recognition, lexical decision) yield inconsistent findings regarding emotional memory in depression.
  • Existing analyses of accuracy or reaction times are limited by reliance on partial data and sensitivity to response biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate depression-related differences in emotional memory using a more comprehensive analytical approach.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional analyses in detecting subtle effects in emotional memory tasks.
  • To explore the impact of dysphoria on emotional information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the diffusion model to behavioral data from lexical decision and recognition memory tasks.
  • The diffusion model was chosen for its ability to utilize all behavioral data and separate response biases.
  • Comparison of diffusion model outputs with traditional accuracy and reaction time analyses.

Main Results:

  • Consistent emotional bias effects were detected using the diffusion model, which were missed by traditional analyses.
  • Non-dysphoric subjects exhibited a positive emotional bias.
  • Dysphoric subjects showed even-handedness in emotional processing.
  • These patterns were not evident when analyzing reaction times or accuracy alone.

Conclusions:

  • The diffusion model reveals significant emotional processing differences related to dysphoria that are obscured by conventional analysis methods.
  • Dysphoria is associated with a shift towards even-handed emotional information processing.
  • These findings suggest a nuanced relationship between dysphoria and the internal representation of emotional information.