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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
Cingulate lesions presenting with epileptic spasms
Dewi Schrader1, Lisa Langill, Ash Singhal
1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Purpose:
To describe the novel finding of epileptic spasms arising from a cingulate lesion.
Methods:
We describe two children presenting with epileptic spasms who had lesions of the cingulate gyrus on MRI.
Results:
In both patients, the lesions involved the midcingulate cortex. Seizures were characterized by prominent motor manifestations and resembled spasms. Both patients had a complete resolution of seizures after resection of their cingulate lesions.
Discussion:
Cingulate seizures can present with a variety of behaviors including complex motor manifestations, vocalizations, and autonomic changes. Lesions in the midcingulate cortex can also produce epileptic spasms.
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