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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

[Adrenal disorders in pregnancy].

Bogdan Marek1, Robert Krysiak, Bogusław Okopień

  • 1Zakład Patofizjologii Katedry Patofizologii i Endokrynologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Zabrze.

Endokrynologia Polska
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy alters adrenal gland function and hormone levels, potentially unmasking or worsening adrenal diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Obstetrics

Context:

  • Pregnancy significantly impacts adrenal gland function and hormone levels.
  • Physiological adaptations in pregnancy involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axes.
  • Adrenal disorders, though rare, can complicate pregnancy, posing risks to both mother and fetus.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the normal function of adrenal glands during pregnancy.
  • To detail the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of adrenal disorders in pregnant individuals.
  • To offer practical guidance for managing pregnant women with adrenal disturbances.

Summary:

  • Adrenal gland function and hormone levels are significantly altered during pregnancy due to endocrine adaptations.

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
12:02

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

  • Diagnosing adrenal disorders in pregnancy is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and biochemical features with normal pregnancy.
  • Prompt antenatal diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to mitigate maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

    • Impact:

    • Enhances understanding of adrenal physiology in pregnancy.
    • Provides a comprehensive resource for clinicians managing pregnant patients with adrenal conditions.
    • Aims to improve outcomes for mothers and neonates affected by adrenal disorders during gestation.