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The insect upper lip (labrum) is a nonsegmental appendage-like structure.

Nico Posnien¹, Fakrudin Bashasab, Gregor Bucher

¹Department of Developmental Biology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Evolution & Development

|September 17, 2009

Summary

The insect labrum (upper lip) shares gene network similarities with trunk appendages but differs in development. This suggests the genetic network evolved in one structure and was redeployed to form the other.

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Insect morphology
Evolutionary developmental biology

Background:

The labrum, or insect upper lip, is a key anterior structure.
Its evolutionary origin, whether from fused appendages or de novo, is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regulatory gene network controlling labrum development.
To compare this network with that of trunk appendages.
To understand the evolutionary relationship between the labrum and trunk appendages.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of gene regulatory networks.
Gene expression studies (Tc-Dll, Tc-wg, Tc-hh, Tc-six3).
Examination of parasegment boundaries and tissue localization.

Main Results:

Identified shared regulatory gene network components between labrum and trunk appendages.
Labral gene expression (Tc-Dll) is independent of signals (Tc-wg, Tc-hh) crucial for trunk appendages.
Labrum develops in median, nonsegmental tissue (Tc-six3 dependent), unlike lateral trunk appendages.

Conclusions:

The labrum and trunk appendages share genetic regulatory elements but exhibit distinct developmental patterns and signaling dependencies.
Propose that the genetic network evolved in either labrum or trunk appendages and was redeployed to form the other structure.