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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

[Hepatocellular carcinoma].

Yoshifumi Beck¹, Norihiro Kokudo

¹Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Dept. of Surgery, Tokyo University Hospital.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy

|September 17, 2009

Summary

Regular monitoring with tumor markers and imaging is crucial for two years post-hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Early detection of recurrence via dynamic CT, followed by anatomic liver resection, improves patient survival.

Area of Science:

Hepatobiliary surgery
Oncology
Medical imaging

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer.
Hepatectomy is a common surgical treatment for HCC.
Post-operative surveillance is essential for managing HCC recurrence.

Observation:

Monthly monitoring using tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein/AFP, protein induced by vitamin K absence-II/PIVKA-II, AFP lectin-binding subtype L3/AFP-L3) and abdominal ultrasound is recommended.
Dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans every 4-6 months for two years are vital for detecting recurrence.
Recurrent HCC detected by dynamic CT necessitates prompt intervention.

Findings:

Early detection of recurrent HCC through regular surveillance improves treatment outcomes.

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Anatomic liver resection is the preferred surgical approach for recurrent HCC.

Adherence to recommended follow-up protocols enhances survival rates for HCC patients post-hepatectomy.

Implications:

Establishes a clear follow-up protocol for post-hepatectomy HCC patients.
Highlights the importance of dynamic CT in identifying recurrent disease.
Emphasizes the survival benefit of timely anatomic liver resection for HCC recurrence.