Influenza A(H1N1) and infection control guidelines for optometrists

The emergence of a novel influenza A virus (Influenza A[H1N1]), which has not circulated previously in humans, has led to the first global influenza pandemic in 41 years. Influenza A(H1N1), commonly called 'swine flu', is a novel influenza virus made up of porcine, avian and human genes, and preferentially infects younger people. Although Influenza A(H1N1) does not appear to be likely to cause as many fatalities as previous influenza pandemics, attempts to contain it are necessary because people whose health is already compromised through underlying chronic medical conditions are at risk of death if they contract the virus. In addition, pregnant women who become infected are at increased risk of complications. This paper provides figures on the number of cases of Influenza A(H1N1) and deaths associated with this virus in Australia (using World Health Organization and Australian Government figures) and discusses infection control measures that optometrists should put in place for themselves, their staff and their patients, in the event that there is suspicion of Influenza A(H1N1) infection. Measures include isolating those who display symptoms indicative of influenza, use of surgical masks (P2 [N95]) by the infected person, frequent hand-washing, appropriate cough and sneeze etiquette, disposal of used tissues and rescheduling of non-urgent appointments for those thought to be infected. Any staff members who need to be closer than one metre to the infected person should also use personal protective equipment (for example, surgical masks, goggles or safety spectacles, gowns and gloves). The current evidence indicates that Influenza A(H1N1) should be treated by optometrists as another type of flu. As with other forms of influenza, following basic infection control guidelines will help reduce the spread of infection in optometric practices and within the community.