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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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Genomic imprinting: employing and avoiding epigenetic processes.

Marisa S Bartolomei1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. bartolom@mail.med.upenn.edu

Genes & Development
|September 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic imprinting uses epigenetic marks to control parental-specific gene expression in mammals. These imprints, established in gametes, evade reprogramming after fertilization, maintaining parental origin.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon causing allele-specific gene expression based on parental origin.
  • This process relies on epigenetic marks, primarily DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs).
  • Imprinted genes evade genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming post-fertilization, retaining their parental identity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the establishment and maintenance mechanisms of genomic imprinting.
  • To discuss the regulation of imprinted gene clusters.
  • To describe the evolutionary aspects of imprinted gene clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genomic imprinting.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications.
  • Examination of chromatin structure and insulators in imprinting.

Main Results:

  • Genomic imprinting involves complex epigenetic regulation for parental-specific gene expression.
  • Imprinting marks are established in gametes and maintained through various epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Imprinted genes are organized in clusters with specific regulatory elements and evolutionary histories.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic imprinting is a sophisticated epigenetic process crucial for mammalian development.
  • Understanding imprinting mechanisms provides insights into epigenetic regulation and gene expression control.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of genomic imprinting and its evolution.