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Related Concept Videos

Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.

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Published on: May 15, 2020

Developing predictive models of health literacy.

Laurie T Martin1, Teague Ruder, José J Escarce

  • 1RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. lamartin@rand.org

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|September 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Developing multivariable models improves health literacy estimation. These models, using readily available data, can identify communities needing targeted interventions to address low health literacy (LHL) and improve care.

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Published on: May 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Literacy Studies

Background:

  • Low health literacy (LHL) significantly hinders healthcare quality and outcomes.
  • Existing methods for assessing health literacy are inadequate for population-level estimation and face administrative burdens.
  • There is a critical need for precise and scalable tools to estimate health literacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate two statistical models for estimating health literacy.
  • To improve upon single-predictor demographic models for health literacy assessment.
  • To enable population-level estimation of health literacy for targeted public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL).
  • Utilized linear regression for predicting mean health literacy scores.
  • Employed probit regression to predict the probability of 'above basic' health literacy proficiency.
  • Included predictors such as demographics, education, poverty, and language.

Main Results:

  • Multivariable models significantly improved the estimation of health literacy variance (30% linear, 21% probit).
  • Lower educational attainment emerged as the strongest individual predictor.
  • All demographic variables, except Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), were statistically significant predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariable models offer more accurate health literacy estimations compared to single predictors.
  • These models can leverage administrative or census data for broad health literacy assessment.
  • The findings support the identification of communities requiring targeted interventions to mitigate poor health outcomes linked to LHL.