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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

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Published on: June 23, 2022

Encephalitis and epilepsy.

Jan Bauer1, Christian G Bien

  • 1Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria. jan.bauer@meduniwien.ac.at

Seminars in Immunopathology
|September 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines three types of encephalitis, including Rasmussen encephalitis, paraneoplastic encephalitis, and nonparaneoplastic encephalitis, that cause seizures. It compares their immunological responses and cell death mechanisms in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Epileptic seizures can stem from various conditions, notably brain inflammation (encephalitis).
  • Understanding the specific types of encephalitis associated with seizures is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare Rasmussen encephalitis, paraneoplastic encephalitis, and nonparaneoplastic encephalitis in relation to seizures.
  • To elucidate the pathogenic similarities and differences in immunological responses and central nervous system cell death among these encephalitis types.
  • To discuss current etiological concepts for these seizure-inducing encephalitides.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Rasmussen encephalitis, paraneoplastic encephalitis, and nonparaneoplastic encephalitis.
  • Comparative analysis of immunological mechanisms and neuropathological findings.
  • Synthesis of current etiological theories.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct and overlapping immunological responses in the three encephalitis types.
  • Highlighted variations in central nervous system cell death pathways.
  • Summarized key etiological factors contributing to seizure induction.

Conclusions:

  • Encephalitis is a significant cause of seizures, with distinct pathophysiological profiles.
  • Comparative analysis deepens understanding of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in seizure disorders.
  • Further research into etiology is needed for targeted therapeutic strategies.