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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Structural basis for sirtuin function: what we know and what we don't.

Brandi D Sanders1, Brittany Jackson, Ronen Marmorstein

  • 1The Wistar Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases involved in DNA regulation, metabolism, and longevity. Structural and biochemical studies reveal insights into their catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms, guiding future research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sirtuins (silent information regulator 2) are NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases.
  • They play roles in DNA regulation, metabolism, and longevity.
  • Found across all kingdoms of life, with varying numbers of members.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide insights into the catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of sirtuin proteins.
  • To discuss the implications of structural and biochemical studies.
  • To highlight future research directions in the sirtuin field.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine sirtuin protein structures.
  • Biochemical studies to understand enzyme function.
  • Analysis of synthetic modulators and noncompetitive inhibitors like nicotinamide.

Main Results:

  • Structural information has elucidated sirtuin catalytic mechanisms.
  • Insights gained into substrate specificity and enzyme inhibition.
  • Understanding of how cellular nicotinamide concentrations affect sirtuin activity.

Conclusions:

  • Structural and biochemical data offer significant understanding of sirtuin proteins.
  • Future structural studies are crucial for addressing remaining questions.
  • Sirtuin research has implications for understanding aging and metabolic diseases.