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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
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TOR signaling in invertebrates.

Alexandre Soulard1, Adiel Cohen, Michael N Hall

  • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway regulates cell growth. This review covers recent advances in TOR signaling across diverse invertebrate models like yeasts, plants, worms, and insects.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a crucial protein kinase.
  • TOR acts as a central regulator of cell growth.
  • TOR signaling is conserved across species and responds to environmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in TOR signaling.
  • Focus on invertebrate model organisms.
  • Highlight TORC1 and TORC2 complex functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research.
  • Analysis of studies in yeasts, plants, worms, and insects.
  • Synthesis of findings on TOR pathway regulation.

Main Results:

  • TOR signaling networks are highly conserved in invertebrates.
  • Nutrient, hormone, and stress inputs modulate TOR activity.
  • Distinct roles of TORC1 and TORC2 are evident in various models.

Conclusions:

  • Invertebrate models provide valuable insights into TOR biology.
  • TOR pathway is essential for coordinating growth with environmental conditions.
  • Further research in these models will elucidate complex regulatory mechanisms.