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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
[Review of the usage of benzodiazepines]
Wakako Umene-Nakano1, Reiji Yoshimura
1Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.
Abstract:
Benzodiazepines are often prescribed because of their excellent efficacies, safety, and low risks of addiction and tolerance. In this paper, we outline their characteristics, usages and side effects. Benzodiazepines are classified into 4 types, according to their half lives: ultra-short acting, short acting, medium acting, and long acting. When clinicians choose benzodiazepines, their half lives, types of insomnia, and patient's ages and daily livings must be considered. Clinicians should also take cautions for their adverse effects, i.e., carry-over, withdrawal, and muscle relaxant.
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