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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...
Self-Locking Screw01:16

Self-Locking Screw

A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. One of the key features that can make a screw jack more effective and reliable is its self-locking capability.
A square-threaded screw jack carrying a load is considered self-locking if the screw retains its position even after the moment applied to it is removed.
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Mode locking with cross-phase and self-phase modulation.

M Hofer, M E Fermann, F Haberl

    Optics Letters
    |September 24, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-power fiber lasers achieve self-sustained mode locking using cross-phase and self-phase modulation. This generates stable, ultrashort pulses of 70 femtoseconds with 1 nanojoule energy.

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    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

    Published on: November 22, 2019

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
    14:18

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
    08:48

    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

    Published on: November 22, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Mode-locked lasers are crucial for generating ultrashort pulses.
    • High-power fiber lasers offer advantages in scalability and beam quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate self-sustained mode locking in high-power neodymium glass fiber lasers.
    • To achieve generation of stable, ultrashort laser pulses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase modulation (SPM).
    • Employing a neodymium glass fiber laser system.

    Main Results:

    • Stable, self-sustained mode locking was achieved.
    • Ultrashort pulses with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 70 femtoseconds were generated.
    • Pulse energies reached up to 1 nanojoule (nJ) at a 1.064 micrometer wavelength.

    Conclusions:

    • Cross-phase and self-phase modulation are effective for self-sustained mode locking in high-power fiber lasers.
    • The developed method enables the generation of high-energy, femtosecond pulses.