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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published on: October 17, 2025
Pharmacogenomic variations in treatment protocols for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Yung-Li Yang1, Dong-Tsamn Lin, Sheng-Kai Chang
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
Objectives:
This retrospective study evaluates the role of pharmacogenomic determinants in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the Taiwanese population.
Methods:
A total of 105 childhood ALL patients received combined chemotherapy of different intensities based on risk-directed Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG)-ALL-93 protocols. Seventeen genetic polymorphisms in 13 pharmacogenomic targets were analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probe hybridization. Pharmacogenomic polymorphisms were correlated with event-free survival (EFS) of patients, with confounding effects adjusted by multivariate regression.
Results:
Three polymorphic alleles in the multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1) ABCB1 gene, and homozygotic MDR1 2677GG, 3435CC, and 2677G-3435C genotypes were highly associated with a significant reduction in EFS in those patients treated by the standard risk (SR) protocol (TPOG-ALL-93-SR). The hazard ratios were 6.8 (p = 0.01), 21.7 (p = 0.009), and 6.8 (p = 0.01), respectively.
Conclusions:
Independent pharmacogenomic determinants associated with treatment outcome were identified in subsets of Taiwanese ALL patients.
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