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The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Fabrication of a Biomimetic Nano-Matrix with Janus Base Nanotubes and Fibronectin for Stem Cell Adhesion

Fabrication of a Biomimetic Nano-Matrix with Janus Base Nanotubes and Fibronectin for Stem Cell Adhesion

Published on: May 10, 2020

A bone-like nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen loaded injectable scaffold.

Zhi Huang¹, Jing Tian, Bo Yu

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.

Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)

|September 25, 2009

Summary

Researchers developed an injectable bone-like scaffold using chitosan, beta-glycerophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen. This novel composite material supports bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, offering a promising clinical application.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Published on: August 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Injectable scaffolds offer clinical advantages over traditional methods, minimizing patient invasiveness and treatment costs.
Bone tissue regeneration requires scaffolds that mimic the natural bone extracellular matrix.
Chitosan-based hydrogels are promising biomaterials due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a bone-like injectable scaffold composed of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) loaded into a chitosan (C)/beta-glycerophosphate (GP) system.
To evaluate the injectability, thermo-sensitive properties, and in vitro cell proliferation within the developed scaffold.
To determine the optimal nHAC concentration for forming a stable, non-decaying hydrogel.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a thermo-sensitive chitosan solution incorporating nHAC.
Assessment of scaffold injectability and gelation properties under physiological conditions.
In vitro cell proliferation assay using bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the CCK-8 assay.

Main Results:

The C/GP/nHAC composite demonstrated successful development as a thermo-sensitive and injectable scaffold.
MSCs exhibited normal proliferation within the C/GP/nHAC composite scaffolds, indicating good cytocompatibility.
The hydrogel formed was thermo-irreversible, solidified under mild conditions, and required minimal nHAC (≤0.02 g/mL) to prevent decay.

Conclusions:

The developed C/GP/nHAC injectable scaffold shows potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
The scaffold's properties, including injectability and support for cell proliferation, align with clinical requirements.
This composite material represents a viable alternative for minimally invasive bone regeneration therapies.