Osteoid osteoma: clinical and investigative features

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Oncology
• Radiology

Background:

• Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor often presenting with characteristic pain.
• Delayed diagnosis is common due to non-specific symptoms and variable radiographic findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes of osteoid osteoma.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical resection for osteoid osteoma.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 15 patients diagnosed with osteoid osteoma between 1979 and 1988.
• Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging (X-ray, tomography, CT scan), surgical techniques, and histopathological findings.
• Evaluation of treatment outcomes, including symptom relief and recurrence rates.

Main Results:

• The average age at diagnosis was 17.2 years, with a male predominance (10:5).
• Common symptoms included nocturnal and localized pain, with 58% experiencing relief from salicylates.
• Lesions were predominantly in the lower extremities, especially the femur and hip.
• Radiographic findings were classical in only 47% of cases, necessitating advanced imaging for localization.
• En bloc resection resulted in immediate symptom relief for all patients, with one recurrence successfully managed by a second surgery.

Conclusions:

• Osteoid osteoma requires a high index of suspicion, especially in young patients with nocturnal pain.
• Multimodality imaging is crucial for accurate preoperative localization.
• En bloc surgical resection is an effective treatment with a high success rate and low recurrence.
• Histopathological confirmation is important, though clinical and surgical outcomes can be definitive.