Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Matriderm® as a biological scaffold in penile resurfacing: A single-centre case series.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2026
Same author

Novel Uses of Optical Coherence Tomography in Periodontology.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same author

Evaluation of an out-of-catchment ambulance hyperacute FAST+ (stroke) bypass pathway.

Irish medical journal·2025
Same author

Impact of a trauma bypass protocol on a receiving Emergency Department: a 4-year review.

Irish medical journal·2025
Same author

Widespread Adaptive Introgression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes across Vertebrate Hybrid Zones.

Molecular biology and evolution·2024
Same author

Patient-reported outcomes following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis performed in adolescence versus adulthood.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Costs and outcomes associated with IVF using recombinant FSH.

W Ledger1, C Wiebinga, P Anderson

  • 1Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|September 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study found that assisted conception units (ACUs) can achieve UK average live birth rates for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with lower recombinant FSH (rFSH) doses and costs. This suggests potential for more IVF/ICSI cycles within existing budgets.

More Related Videos

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Exploring Independent Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone In Vivo in a Mouse Model
05:32

Exploring Independent Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone In Vivo in a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Exploring Independent Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone In Vivo in a Mouse Model
05:32

Exploring Independent Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone In Vivo in a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Health Economics
  • Assisted Reproductive Technology

Background:

  • Clinical trial data for assisted reproduction may not reflect real-world practice.
  • Economic evaluations are crucial for informing healthcare service provision and budget allocation.
  • Understanding the costs and outcomes of IVF/ICSI in routine practice is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an economic evaluation of IVF/ICSI cycles in a UK assisted conception unit (ACU).
  • To compare the costs and outcomes of routine IVF/ICSI practice with existing UK guidelines.
  • To assess the potential for optimizing resource allocation in assisted reproduction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1418 IVF/ICSI cycles from a single English ACU (October 2001-January 2006).
  • Evaluation of live birth rates, recombinant FSH (rFSH) dosage, and associated costs per cycle.
  • Comparison of study data with economic data used in current UK guidance.

Main Results:

  • Overall live birth rate was 22%, with the 30-34 age group showing the highest rate (28%).
  • Average rFSH dose was 1855 IU/cycle, with an average total cost of £2932/cycle.
  • Study costs per cycle were lower than those assumed in UK guidelines, despite comparable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Routine IVF/ICSI practice in this ACU achieved UK average outcomes at a lower total cost per cycle.
  • Lower rFSH dosages and associated protocols may allow for increased cycle provision within budgets.
  • Findings suggest that optimizing protocols can enhance the economic efficiency of assisted conception services.