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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Dermatomyositis-like eruption induced by hydroxyurea: a case report.

Dorota Janerowicz1, Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz, Maciej Stawny

  • 1Dept. of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland. djenerowicz@yahoo.com

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, Et Adriatica
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxyurea therapy for polycythemia vera can cause a dermatomyositis-like skin reaction. This drug-induced eruption, characterized by xerosis and violaceous papules, resolved after discontinuing hydroxyurea.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm.
  • Hydroxyurea is a common treatment for PRV, but can cause adverse reactions.

Observation:

  • A 74-year-old patient with PRV developed intensive xerosis and violaceous papules on dorsal hands.
  • Periorbital erythema resembling heliotrope erythema was also noted.
  • These symptoms are consistent with hydroxyurea-induced dermatomyositis-like eruption.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited dermal symptoms typical of dermatomyositis without systemic involvement.
  • Skin lesions improved within 3 months after discontinuing hydroxyurea.
  • This suggests a causal link between hydroxyurea and the observed dermatological reaction.

Implications:

  • Hydroxyurea-induced dermatomyositis-like eruption is a recognized adverse drug reaction.
  • Discontinuation of hydroxyurea leads to resolution of skin lesions.
  • Awareness of this reaction is crucial for managing patients on long-term hydroxyurea therapy.