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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...

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Disentangling Glycan-Protein Interactions: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to the Rescue
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Saturation transfer difference NMR reveals functionally essential kinetic differences for a sugar-binding repressor

Ignacio Pérez-Victoria1, Sebastian Kemper, Mitul K Patel

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3TA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The study determined how trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate bind to the TreR protein using STD NMR. This reveals different biological functions for these two important sugars.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The repressor protein TreR regulates genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate are disaccharides with distinct biological roles.
  • Understanding their interaction with TreR is crucial for elucidating metabolic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the binding kinetics of trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate to the repressor protein TreR.
  • To elucidate the molecular basis for the contrasting biological functions of these two sugars through their interaction with TreR.

Main Methods:

  • Saturation Transfer Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (STD NMR) spectroscopy was employed to study the binding interactions.
  • Kinetic parameters of disaccharide binding to TreR were determined using STD NMR.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in binding kinetics were observed between trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate to TreR.
  • STD NMR data provided insights into the specific interactions and affinities of each sugar with the protein.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct binding kinetics of trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate to TreR explain their differing biological roles.
  • This research provides a molecular understanding of sugar recognition by regulatory proteins.