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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

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Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography
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ArteFill permanent injectable for soft tissue augmentation: II. Indications and applications.

Gottfried Lemperle1, Neil S Sadick, Terry R Knapp

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. glemperle@aol.com

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

ArteFill, the first permanent injectable filler, offers long-lasting wrinkle correction for up to 15 years. This dermal filler, composed of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres in collagen, demonstrates high patient and physician satisfaction with a favorable safety profile.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Patients seek cosmetic procedures with enduring results.
  • ArteFill, approved by the FDA in 2006, is a permanent injectable filler for nasolabial folds.
  • It comprises polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres within a bovine collagen suspension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ArteFill for cosmetic enhancement.
  • To assess patient and physician satisfaction with ArteFill treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A 5-year follow-up study of U.S. clinical trial patients.
  • Long-term follow-up data from European Artecoll (precursor to ArteFill) patients.
  • Analysis of complication rates, focusing on granuloma formation.

Main Results:

  • Sustained wrinkle improvement observed from 6 months to 5 years in U.S. patients.
  • Successful wrinkle correction lasting up to 15 years reported in European patients.
  • Serious complications like granuloma formation were not reported due to optimized PMMA microsphere size and quantity (<1% <20 microm).
  • Patient and physician satisfaction rates exceeded 90%.

Conclusions:

  • ArteFill provides durable, long-lasting wrinkle correction.
  • The product has evolved to meet modern safety standards comparable to hyaluronic acid fillers.
  • High satisfaction rates and a low incidence of serious complications support ArteFill's efficacy and safety for cosmetic applications.