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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Thyroid hormone replacement after thyroid lobectomy.

Samantha J Stoll1, Susan C Pitt, Jing Liu

  • 1Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Surgery
|October 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Approximately 14.3% of patients develop hypothyroidism after thyroid lobectomy. Higher pre-operative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis increase this risk.

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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Thyroid Disease Management

Background:

  • Postoperative hypothyroidism is a potential complication following thyroid surgery.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for patient counseling and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of hypothyroidism after thyroid lobectomy.
  • To identify preoperative risk factors associated with the development of postoperative hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy for benign disease.
  • Exclusion of patients with pre-existing hypothyroidism or on thyroid hormone replacement.
  • Analysis of preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) levels, and presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Main Results:

  • 14.3% of patients developed hypothyroidism requiring treatment.
  • Higher preoperative TSH and lower free T4 levels were associated with increased risk.
  • Patients with preoperative TSH > 1.5 microIU/mL had significantly higher rates of hypothyroidism (13.5% to 41.3%).
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis was a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 3.78).

Conclusions:

  • Around 1 in 7 patients develop hypothyroidism post-thyroid lobectomy.
  • Elevated preoperative TSH, low free T4, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are key risk factors.
  • Patients with these risk factors require appropriate counseling and monitoring.