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Forced Oscillations

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When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Published on: May 29, 2014

Mechanical oscillation and cooling actuated by the optical gradient force.

Qiang Lin¹, Jessie Rosenberg, Xiaoshun Jiang

¹Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|October 2, 2009

Summary

Researchers achieved low-threshold regenerative mechanical oscillation and efficient cooling using optical gradient force and a whispering-gallery microcavity. This system demonstrates strong dynamical backaction, enabling coherent oscillations even in damped conditions.

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Area of Science:

Optomechanics
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Nanophotonics

Background:

Whispering-gallery microcavities offer high optical quality factors for sensitive measurements.
Optical gradient forces can be used to manipulate mechanical resonators.
Dynamical backaction in optomechanical systems is crucial for cooling and oscillation.

Purpose of the Study:

To combine optical gradient force with a high-Q whispering-gallery microcavity.
To investigate dynamical backaction in a silica disk cavity system.
To achieve low-threshold regenerative mechanical oscillation and efficient cooling.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a pair of silica disks with a nanoscale gap to form the microcavity.
Applying optical input power to excite the system.
Measuring mechanical oscillations and cooling efficiency.

Main Results:

Observed extremely strong dynamical backaction, enabling coherent oscillations in heavily damped conditions (mechanical Q ≈ 4).
Achieved a low threshold for regenerative mechanical oscillation at 270 nW optical input power (≈1000 stored photons).
Demonstrated efficient cooling of mechanical motion with a temperature compression factor of nearly 14 dB at 11 μW input power.

Conclusions:

The combined system effectively leverages optical forces and cavity feedback for enhanced optomechanical effects.
This approach significantly lowers the power requirements for exciting and cooling mechanical resonators.
The findings open possibilities for sensitive nanoscale sensing and quantum manipulation.