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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Crossed Andreev reflection and charge imbalance in diffusive normal-superconducting-normal structures.

Dmitri S Golubev¹, Mikhail S Kalenkov, Andrei D Zaikin

¹Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nanotechnologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|October 2, 2009

Summary

We developed a theory for electron transport in normal-superconducting-normal (NSN) structures. Our findings explain nonlocal resistance behavior and quantum interference effects in disordered materials.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Transport Phenomena

Background:

Understanding electron transport in diffusive normal-superconducting-normal (NSN) structures is crucial for developing novel electronic devices.
Nonlocal transport phenomena in mesoscopic systems exhibit complex behaviors influenced by quantum interference and interface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To formulate a microscopic theory for nonlocal electron transport in three-terminal diffusive NSN structures.
To investigate the energy and temperature dependence of nonlocal spectral conductance and resistance.
To analyze the role of interface transmissions and material parameters on transport properties.

Main Methods:

Development of a microscopic theoretical framework.
Analysis of quantum interference effects in disordered normal (N) terminals.
Calculation of nonlocal spectral conductance (g_{12}) and nonlocal resistance (R_{12}) as a function of energy (epsilon) and temperature.

Main Results:

Predicted a strong enhancement of nonlocal spectral conductance (g_{12}) proportional to 1/epsilon at low energies due to quantum interference.
Demonstrated that nonlocal resistance (R_{12}) remains smooth at small epsilon and is independent of normal-superconducting interface and normal terminal parameters.
Observed a peak in R_{12} at higher temperatures, attributed to the interplay between charge imbalance and Andreev reflection.

Conclusions:

The developed theory accurately describes nonlocal electron transport in NSN structures.
The findings align with recent experimental observations, providing a basis for quantitative analysis.
The study offers insights into controlling and understanding quantum transport in hybrid superconducting systems.