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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
Published on: January 31, 2022
Is the evidence from clinical trials for cardiovascular risk or harm for glitazones convincing?
Edoardo Mannucci1, Matteo Monami
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Geriatric Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141 Florence, Italy. edoardo.mannucci@unifi.it
Abstract:
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, induce the expression of many genes, including several enzymes and transporters involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Although the efficacy of TZDs on blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes is not questionable, their cardiovascular effects have been debated, with beneficial or harmful actions suggested by different authors. This article reviews the available clinical evidence on the cardiovascular effects of TZDs, discussing possible mechanisms underlying the observed effects and suggesting some directions for future research.
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