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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

[Heavy ion tumor therapy].

Gerhard Kraft1

  • 1GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt. G.Kraft@gsi.de

Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten
|October 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Heavy ion therapy offers millimeter precision for treating radioresistant tumors. This advanced cancer treatment shows great success, with new centers expanding its clinical application.

Area of Science:

  • Medical physics
  • Radiation oncology
  • Particle therapy

Background:

  • Heavy ion therapy utilizes precise beams for cancer treatment.
  • It offers enhanced biological effectiveness against radioresistant tumors compared to normal tissues.

Observation:

  • A pilot project at GSI demonstrated excellent clinical results using heavy ion therapy.
  • The precision allows treatment throughout the body with millimeter accuracy.

Findings:

  • Heavy ion tumor therapy is highly effective for resistant or inoperable tumors.
  • Successful outcomes were achieved in the GSI pilot project.

Implications:

  • The success of heavy ion therapy is driving the construction of new treatment centers.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Screening Ion Channels in Cancer Cells
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Screening Ion Channels in Cancer Cells

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Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

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  • This modality represents a significant advancement in oncological treatment options.