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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

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Global surface wave tomography using seismic hum.

Kiwamu Nishida1, Jean-Paul Montagner, Hitoshi Kawakatsu

  • 1Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. knishida@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seismic hum, Earth's background vibrations, offers a novel method for upper-mantle tomography without earthquakes. This technique maps the 3D S-wave velocity structure, advancing planetary interior exploration.

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Published on: October 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Global surface wave tomography traditionally relies on large earthquakes to probe Earth's deep interior.
  • Long-period seismic waves are necessary for deep Earth exploration, previously thought to be exclusively generated by major seismic events.
  • The discovery of seismic hum, Earth's continuous free oscillations from oceanic/atmospheric sources, presents an alternative seismic wave source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present global upper-mantle seismic tomography using seismic hum, independent of earthquake data.
  • To measure phase-velocity anomalies of Rayleigh waves at periods of 100 to 400 seconds.
  • To invert these anomalies for a three-dimensional S-wave velocity structure of the upper mantle.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized seismic hum as the source for seismic wave generation.
  • Modeled cross-correlation functions between pairs of 54 globally distributed seismic stations.
  • Performed inversion of phase-velocity anomalies to derive 3D S-wave velocity structure.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated global upper-mantle seismic tomography using seismic hum.
  • Mapped phase-velocity anomalies of Rayleigh waves across a range of long periods (100-400 seconds).
  • Obtained a detailed three-dimensional S-wave velocity model of the upper mantle.

Conclusions:

  • Seismic hum provides a viable and novel alternative to earthquakes for global seismic tomography.
  • The developed technique enables exploration of the three-dimensional interior structure of terrestrial planets.
  • This method is particularly applicable to planets with atmospheres and/or oceans, including Mars.