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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

Side-chain liquid-crystalline polyesters for optical information storage.

S Hvilsted, F Andruzzi, P S Ramanujam

    Optics Letters
    |October 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Erasable holographic recording is now possible on liquid-crystalline polyester films, achieving high resolution and diffraction efficiency. These holograms can be easily erased and rewritten, enabling reusable data storage solutions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Polymer Chemistry

    Background:

    • Holographic data storage offers high density.
    • Developing erasable and rewritable holographic media is crucial for practical applications.
    • Liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs) present unique optical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate erasable holographic recording using sidechain liquid-crystalline polyesters.
    • To evaluate the resolution, recording energy, and diffraction efficiency of these materials.
    • To assess the erasability and reusability of the recorded holograms.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing unoriented films of sidechain liquid-crystalline polyesters for holographic recording.
    • Employing polarization recording techniques for hologram formation.
    • Investigating hologram erasure via thermal treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a holographic recording resolution of at least 2500 lines/mm.
    • Required recording energies of approximately 1 J/cm(2).
    • Obtained a diffraction efficiency of approximately 30% with polarization recording.

    Conclusions:

    • Sidechain liquid-crystalline polyesters are suitable for erasable holographic recording.
    • The developed method allows for high-resolution, efficient, and reusable holograms.
    • Erasure at ~80°C for ~2 min enables repeated recording cycles.