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Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Visual direction constancy across eyeblinks.

J Stephen Higgins1, David E Irwin, Ranxiao Frances Wang

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. higgins3@illinois.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual displacement perception is suppressed during eye movements like saccades and blinks. A brief blank period after these actions can reduce this suppression, indicating the role of eye position signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Oculomotor function

Background:

  • Perception of visual target displacement is suppressed during saccades.
  • This suppression is typically overcome only by large displacements.
  • A blank period after saccades can eliminate this suppression (blanking effect), attributed to extraretinal eye position information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if similar blanking effects occur with eyeblinks and other visual distractions.
  • To determine if extraretinal signals are crucial for the blanking effect.

Main Methods:

  • Examined displacement perception during and after eyeblinks.
  • Introduced blank periods following eyeblinks.
  • Compared effects of blinks and other visual distractions on displacement perception.

Main Results:

  • Displacement perception suppression also occurs with eyeblinks.
  • A blank period after an eyeblink reduced displacement suppression, similar to saccades.
  • The blanking effect was not observed with other visual distractions.

Conclusions:

  • Eyeblinks, like saccades, can induce suppression of perceived visual displacement.
  • The blanking effect appears to be specific to eye movements and related to extraretinal signals.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that the blanking effect relies on extraretinal eye position information.