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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination
07:58

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination

Published on: January 2, 2026

Autophagy subversion by bacteria.

Emanuel Campoy1, María I Colombo

  • 1Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cell survival process, aids host defense against microbes but is exploited by pathogens for survival and infection. This review explores bacterial pathogens that use autophagy for replication and discusses how autophagy impacts pathogen life cycles.

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 27, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination
07:58

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination

Published on: January 2, 2026

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
09:34

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a crucial cellular process for survival during nutrient deprivation and for removing damaged organelles.
  • Autophagy acts as a host defense mechanism against intracellular microorganisms.
  • Intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to manipulate autophagy for their own benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bacterial pathogens that utilize the autophagic pathway for intracellular replication and survival.
  • To discuss how autophagy modulation influences the infectious potential and life cycles of intracellular pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on autophagy and intracellular bacterial pathogens.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which pathogens exploit or subvert autophagy.
  • Discussion of the impact of autophagy on pathogen persistence and pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Certain bacterial pathogens efficiently replicate and survive within host cells by transiting through the autophagic pathway.
  • Pathogen strategies include harnessing autophagy for replication and evading host defenses.
  • Autophagy modulation significantly affects pathogen infectious capacities.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a dual role in host-pathogen interactions, serving as both a defense mechanism and a target for pathogen exploitation.
  • Understanding pathogen-autophagy interactions is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies against intracellular bacterial infections.