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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
08:42

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Published on: October 22, 2014

Endothelial function and early atherosclerotic changes.

Kenji Okumura1, Akiko Imamura, Ryuichiro Murakami

  • 1Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. kenji@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Future Cardiology
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is a systemic issue preceding atherosclerosis. Assessing endothelial function noninvasively can predict future cardiovascular disease risk better than traditional factors.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
08:42

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Published on: October 22, 2014

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Endothelial dysfunction, marked by impaired vasodilation, coagulation, and vascular proliferation, is integral to atherosclerosis development.
  • Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a primary driver of endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerotic complications.
  • This dysfunction is a systemic vascular disorder, not limited to specific arteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight endothelial dysfunction as a critical early step in atherosclerosis.
  • To emphasize the role of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in endothelial function.
  • To introduce noninvasive extremity tests for assessing endothelial function and NO bioavailability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of endothelial dysfunction mechanisms.
  • Discussion of the link between endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
  • Introduction of noninvasive endothelial function tests for NO bioavailability assessment.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction precedes clinical atherosclerosis and is characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
  • Decreased NO bioavailability, due to production issues, substrate/cofactor deficiency, or inactivation, underlies vasodilation impairment.
  • Noninvasive tests on extremities offer a novel method for detecting endothelial NO bioavailability.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a systemic disorder and a key early event in atherosclerosis.
  • Noninvasive assessment of endothelial function may serve as a superior predictor of future atherosclerotic diseases compared to conventional risk factors.
  • Early detection of endothelial dysfunction through noninvasive testing is crucial for predicting and potentially preventing cardiovascular events.