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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

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Published on: January 9, 2015

Methodological issues in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum.

Dean McKay1, Fugen Neziroglu

  • 1Fordham University, Department of Psychology, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, United States. mckay@fordham.edu

Psychiatry Research
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study addresses the classification of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. It proposes methodological recommendations for differentiating subtypes and spectrum inclusion, aiding in accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The obsessive-compulsive spectrum is recognized as a heterogeneous group of disorders.
  • Expert consensus is forming on potential candidate disorders within this spectrum.
  • Existing survey data suggest obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comprises overlapping subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the methodological variability in classifying obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.
  • To propose a systematic approach for determining disorder subtypes and spectrum inclusion.
  • To establish criteria for ruling out candidate disorders from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing methodological approaches for spectrum and subtype classification.
  • Development of preliminary methodological and statistical recommendations.
  • Focus on differentiating spectrum disorders from subtypes and ruling out candidate conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant variability in current methods for classifying obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.
  • Highlighted the challenge in distinguishing between spectrum disorders and subtypes.
  • Developed a framework for systematic evaluation of candidate disorders.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for standardized methods to classify obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.
  • The proposed recommendations aim to provide a systematic approach to classification.
  • This framework will aid in accurately defining the boundaries of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum.