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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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catena-Poly[[bis-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κN)zinc]-μ-3-nitro-phthalato-κO:O].

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
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Bis(μ-3-nitro-phthalato-κO:O)bis-[(thio-urea-κS)zinc] dihydrate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
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Poly[[μ(2)-aqua-tetraaquadi-μ(3)-malonato-nickel(II)strontium(II)] dihydrate].

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Poly[diaqua-μ(3)-4-nitro-phthalato-copper(II)].

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Poly[tetra-aqua-di-μ(4)-malonato-barium(II)cadmium(II)].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
07:06

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Poly[[diaqua(mu3-3-nitrophthalato)calcium(II)] monohydrate].

Ming-Lin Guo1

  • 1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, People's Republic of China. guomlin@yahoo.com

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel 3-nitrophthalate-calcium coordination polymer, revealing a unique one-dimensional zigzag chain framework. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, forming a complex three-dimensional network.

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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Coordination chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Coordination polymers offer tunable properties based on metal ions and organic linkers.
  • Calcium-based coordination polymers are of interest for their potential applications in various fields.
  • Understanding the structural characteristics is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel 3-nitrophthalate-calcium coordination polymer.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and dimensionality of the resulting framework.
  • To investigate the coordination environment of the calcium ion and the role of water molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • The coordination geometry around the Ca(II) center was analyzed.
  • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, were studied.

Main Results:

  • The compound {[Ca(C8H3NO6)(H2O)2].H2O}n crystallizes as a one-dimensional framework.
  • The Ca(II) ion exhibits a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry (seven-coordinate).
  • A D3 water cluster is observed within the chains, and the 3D structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized a novel 1D zigzag coordination polymer of 3-nitrophthalate and calcium.
  • The intricate network of coordination and hydrogen bonds dictates the overall 3D structure.
  • This structural insight provides a foundation for exploring potential applications of this material.