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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Arteries and Arterioles01:16

Arteries and Arterioles

Arteries, the vasculature responsible for transporting blood from the heart, possess robust walls capable of enduring the elevated pressures exerted by the heartbeat. Arteries near the heart are especially thick-walled and enriched with elastic fibers across their three tunics, classifying them as elastic or conducting arteries. These arteries, usually with a diameter exceeding 10 mm, are characterized by their ability to dilate in response to the blood pumped from the heart's ventricles and...
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

[Arterial hypertension: macrocirculation and microcirculation].

A Dabiri Askari1, F Feihl, B Waeber

  • 1Division physiopathologie clinique, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertension causes changes in both large and small blood vessels, which can lead to organ damage. This review focuses on these vascular structural changes and their role in disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
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Published on: January 29, 2013

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Published on: September 5, 2025

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
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Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Context:

  • Hypertension is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding vascular structural adaptations is crucial for managing hypertensive complications.

Purpose:

  • To review the structural changes in macrovascular and microvascular systems associated with hypertension.
  • To discuss the contribution of these vascular alterations to end-organ damage.

Summary:

  • Hypertension induces significant structural remodeling in both large arteries and small arterioles.
  • These vascular changes, at macro and micro levels, are interconnected and contribute to organ damage.
  • The review focuses on vascular structure, excluding the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.

Impact:

  • Provides a concise overview of hypertension-induced vascular changes.
  • Highlights the importance of macro- and microvascular interactions in hypertensive organ damage.
  • Serves as a foundational resource for researchers and clinicians in cardiovascular medicine.