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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
Published on: May 15, 2021
Do field-free electromagnetic potentials play a role in biology?
1Department of Biotechnics, St. István University, Budapest, Hungary. Szasz.Andras@gek.szie.hu
Abstract:
All bio-systems are imperfect dielectrics. Their general properties however cannot be described by conventional simple electrodynamics; the system is more complex. A central question in our present paper is centered on a controversial debate of the possible effect of the zero fields (only potentials exist). We show that the identical use of the "field-free," "curl-free," and "force-free" terminologies is incorrect, there have definitely different meanings. It is shown that the effective electro-dynamical parameters that describe and modify living systems are the potentials and not the fields. We discuss how the potentials have a role in biological processes even in field-free cases.
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