Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Haploidentical Sibling Donors for Pediatric Patients: The Perfect Mismatch?

European journal of haematology·2026
Same author

A simple score to identify the sickest normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Towards a New Standard: Prospective Validation of Ex Vivo Fusion Confocal Microscopy for Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Cancer Surgery.

Cancers·2025
Same author

Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance of Central Pulmonary Embolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Archivos de bronconeumologia·2025
Same author

Outcomes and Decision Stability in Older Adults following Structured Counseling on Dialysis versus Conservative Management for Kidney Failure: A Prospective Study.

Nephron·2025
Same author

Correction: T-cell depleted haploidentical transplantation in children with hematological malignancies: a comparison between CD3+/CD19+ and TCRαβ+/CD19+ depletion platforms.

Frontiers in oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

[Respiratory work and pattern with different proportional assist ventilation levels].

Francisco Ruiz-Ferrón1, Juan Machado, Antonia Morante

  • 1Servicio de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Unidad de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Médico-Quirúrgico, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, España. frferron@terra.es

Medicina Intensiva
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Increasing proportional assist ventilation (PAV) levels reduces work of breathing in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation. Levels below 30% PAV are associated with excessive work of breathing, indicating a critical threshold for safe weaning.

More Related Videos

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Mechanical ventilation

Context:

  • Mechanical ventilation is crucial for critically ill patients.
  • Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation requires careful management of respiratory effort.
  • Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV) is a mode designed to support spontaneous breathing.

Purpose:

  • To determine the minimum assistance level of PAV required to reduce the work of breathing to physiological limits (0.6 J/L).
  • To investigate the relationship between changes in breathing patterns and respiratory effort at varying PAV levels.
  • To identify the optimal PAV settings for weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.

Summary:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 12 long-term mechanically ventilated patients was conducted.
  • Patients were assessed using PAV with support levels ranging from 5% to 80%.
  • Increasing PAV levels significantly decreased the work of breathing (from 0.9 J/L at 5% to 0.2 J/L at 80%), with 30% PAV identified as the level associated with physiological work of breathing (0.63 J/L). Tidal volume increased significantly at higher PAV levels, but other breathing pattern variables remained unchanged.

Impact:

  • Findings suggest that PAV levels below 30% are associated with excessive work of breathing.
  • This study provides evidence for optimizing PAV settings during the weaning process.
  • Establishing a minimum effective PAV level can aid clinicians in safely weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.