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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
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Published on: February 6, 2021

Cognitive deficits after traumatic coma.

Philippe Azouvi1, Claire Vallat-Azouvi, Angelique Belmont

  • 1AP-HP, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincare Hospital, Garches, France. philippe.azouvi@rpc.aphp.fr

Progress in Brain Research
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often face lasting cognitive deficits, particularly in working memory and attention, impacting daily life. These challenges stem from impaired brain executive networks following injury.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
09:58

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury

Published on: November 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently experience persistent cognitive impairments.
  • These deficits significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuropsychological studies on cognitive deficits in severe TBI survivors.
  • To focus on recent findings regarding working memory, divided attention, and mental fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuropsychological studies on patients with remote severe TBI.
  • Emphasis on research examining working memory, dual-task processing, and mental fatigue.

Main Results:

  • Patients with severe TBI struggle with simultaneous tasks and information processing requiring controlled cognitive effort.
  • Strategic attention, like resource allocation and task switching, appears relatively preserved.
  • Deficits suggest a reduction in central executive resources within working memory.

Conclusions:

  • Severe TBI is linked to reduced working memory capacity, likely due to impaired brain executive network activation from diffuse axonal injury.
  • These working memory limitations contribute to significant real-world disabilities.