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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

[DNA methyltransferases: classification, functions and research progress].

Zhi-Gang Wang1, Jian-Xin Wu

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. wzg2700@sohu.com

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are vital enzymes regulating gene expression and development. This review covers their classification, functions, and therapeutic potential in diseases like cancer.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modification influencing gene expression, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and X-chromosome inactivation.
  • DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are enzymes responsible for this modification, categorized into maintenance (Dnmt1) and de novo (Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3L) families in mammals.
  • Dnmt2 has distinct functions, methylating tRNA, while all Dnmts are essential for mammalian development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the classification and diverse biological functions of DNA methyltransferases.
  • To review recent research advancements concerning DNA methyltransferases.
  • To highlight the significance of Dnmts as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA methyltransferase classification.
  • Analysis of Dnmts' roles in gene regulation and development.
  • Summary of recent research findings and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • Dnmts are classified into distinct families with specific roles in DNA and RNA methylation.
  • These enzymes are crucial for normal mammalian growth and development.
  • Dysregulation of Dnmts is linked to developmental defects and diseases, including cancer.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methyltransferases are essential epigenetic regulators with critical roles in cellular processes and organismal development.
  • Understanding Dnmts' functions and dysregulation provides insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Dnmts represent promising therapeutic targets for various diseases, particularly cancer.