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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Decellularized Apple-Derived Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo
09:49

Decellularized Apple-Derived Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 23, 2024

Engineering anatomically shaped human bone grafts.

Warren L Grayson1, Mirjam Fröhlich, Keith Yeager

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, VC 12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered human bone grafts using stem cells and a biomimetic system create viable, anatomically correct bone. This breakthrough offers potential for complex bone reconstructions in patients.

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Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts

Published on: December 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Current bone reconstruction methods face limitations in achieving anatomical correctness and viability.
  • Engineering functional human bone grafts is crucial for treating congenital defects, cancer, and trauma.
  • The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar bone presents a complex anatomical challenge for tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer clinically sized, anatomically shaped, viable human bone grafts.
  • To develop a biomimetic scaffold-bioreactor system for bone tissue engineering.
  • To address the challenge of in vitro cultivation for complex bone geometries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and a biomimetic scaffold-bioreactor system.
  • Generated anatomically shaped scaffolds from decellularized trabecular bone using digitized clinical images.
  • Cultured scaffolds with interstitial flow in a custom-designed bioreactor mimicking TMJ anatomy.

Main Results:

  • Engineered bone grafts exhibited confluent lamellar bone, increased mineralized matrix, and osteoid formation within 5 weeks.
  • Cells within the grafts remained viable at physiologic density, crucial for graft function.
  • Bone matrix density and architecture correlated with interstitial flow patterns, confirmed by modeling.

Conclusions:

  • The biomimetic scaffold-bioreactor system successfully engineered viable, anatomically shaped human bone grafts.
  • This approach overcomes critical hurdles in cultivating complex bone geometries in vitro.
  • Potential for patient-specific bone grafts in craniofacial and orthopedic reconstructions.