Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pull-through insertion of EndoArt for complex eyes.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports·2024

Same author

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetes.

Pediatric diabetes·2022

Same author

A Multitask Deep-Learning System to Classify Diabetic Macular Edema for Different Optical Coherence Tomography Devices: A Multicenter Analysis.

Diabetes care·2021

Same author

Diabetic Macular Edema Management in Asian Population: Expert Panel Consensus Guidelines.

Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2020

Same author

Longitudinal Structural and Microvascular Observation in RCS Rat Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2020

Same author

Agreement in Measures of Macular Perfusion between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Machines.

Scientific reports·2020

Same journal

The economics of the initial preventive physical examination in medicare-reply.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

Same journal

Modification of silicone oil retention sutures in aphakic eyes with iris loss-reply;.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

Same journal

December 2011 archives web quiz winner.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

Same journal

Angle involvement and glaucoma in patients with biopsy-proven iris melanoma: a response-reply.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

Same journal

About this journal.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

Same journal

In memoriam: goodwin m. Breinin, MD (1918-2011).

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·2013

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

Diabetes, metabolic abnormalities, and glaucoma.

Gavin S Tan¹, Tien Y Wong, Chee-Weng Fong

¹Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.

Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)

|October 14, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes and metabolic issues may slightly raise intraocular pressure but are not significant risk factors for glaucoma in Malay adults. Further research on diabetes and eye health is warranted.

More Related Videos

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Public Health

Background:

Diabetes mellitus and metabolic abnormalities are global health concerns.
Intraocular pressure and glaucoma are leading causes of blindness worldwide.
Understanding the interplay between metabolic health and ocular conditions is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and metabolic abnormalities with intraocular pressure (IOP).
To determine if diabetes and metabolic abnormalities are risk factors for glaucoma.
To analyze these relationships in a Malay adult population.

Main Methods:

A population-based study of 3280 Malay adults aged 40-80 years.
Diabetes defined by serum glucose or physician diagnosis; metabolic abnormalities assessed via BMI, lipids, and blood pressure.
Glaucoma diagnosed using standardized International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria.

Main Results:

23.3% of participants had diabetes.
Higher intraocular pressure was observed in individuals with diabetes and those with elevated glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, and BMI.
Despite increased IOP, the prevalence of glaucoma was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, with no significant association found after adjustments.

Conclusions:

Diabetes and associated metabolic abnormalities are linked to a modest increase in intraocular pressure.
These metabolic conditions do not appear to be significant risk factors for developing glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
The findings highlight the complex relationship between metabolic health and glaucoma risk.