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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
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Key factors in mTOR regulation.

Xiaochun Bai1, Yu Jiang

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China, xiaochunbai@yahoo.com.cn

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key kinase, regulates cell growth. This review details critical factors and signaling networks controlling mTOR activity in response to cellular and environmental cues.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central kinase regulating cellular growth and metabolism.
  • mTOR activity is influenced by numerous factors responding to intracellular and environmental signals.
  • Complex signaling networks connect mTOR to its regulators, governing cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key factors involved in the regulation of mTOR activity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these factors control mTOR signaling.
  • To provide insight into the complex network governing cellular processes via mTOR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on mTOR regulation.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades impacting mTOR.

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  • Synthesis of information on molecular connections between mTOR and its regulators.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of critical regulatory factors influencing mTOR.
    • Description of diverse signaling pathways converging on mTOR.
    • Elucidation of mechanisms controlling mTOR activity based on cellular conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • mTOR regulation is a complex process involving multiple interconnected signaling pathways.
    • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for comprehending cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation.
    • Further research into mTOR signaling networks can reveal therapeutic targets for diseases associated with dysregulated cell growth.