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Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Phonological development in very-low-birthweight children: an exploratory study.

Inge L van Noort-van der Spek¹, Marie-Christine J P Franken, Marjan H Wieringa

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. i.vanderspek@erasmusmc.nl

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

|October 17, 2009

Summary

Very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children show poorer phonological development by age two. These VLBW children had fewer acquired consonants and lower phonological mean length of utterance compared to term-born peers.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric speech-language pathology
Developmental pediatrics
Neonatology

Background:

Very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children are at increased risk for speech and language delays.
Early phonological development is crucial for later language and literacy skills.
Limited research exists on the early phonological abilities of VLBW children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phonological development of 2-year-old very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children.
To compare phonological skills in VLBW children with those of term-born children.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 20 VLBW children and 20 term-born children were assessed at 2 years of age.
Phonological development was evaluated using spontaneous speech samples and standardized tests.
Cognitive, psychomotor, language, and behavioral development were also assessed.

Main Results:

VLBW children demonstrated significantly fewer acquired consonants compared to term-born children (p=0.02).
VLBW children had a significantly lower phonological mean length of utterance (pMLU) (p<0.01).
These differences were observed regardless of cognitive, psychomotor, language, or behavioral status.

Conclusions:

Healthy VLBW children exhibit impaired phonological development by age two.
Early phonological deficits in VLBW children are not solely explained by other developmental factors.
Early identification and intervention for speech sound disorders in VLBW populations are warranted.