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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels
13:05

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Published on: September 9, 2016

Implanted microvessels progress through distinct neovascularization phenotypes.

Sara S Nunes1, Kevin A Greer, Chad M Stiening

  • 1Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville and Jewish Hospital/St. Mary's Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Microvascular Research
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implanted microvessels form distinct vascular phenotypes during neovascularization. The intermediate remodeling phase, characterized by poor organization and reduced proliferation, is a unique, potentially dysfunctional stage in microvascular development.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Implanted microvessels create new circulatory systems with limited host involvement.
  • Understanding the stages of microvascular development is crucial for regenerative therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define vascular phenotypes during neovascularization in implants.
  • To identify events occurring after initial blood vessel formation (angiogenesis).

Main Methods:

  • Morphological, functional, and transcriptional analyses of implanted microvessels.
  • Gene expression profiling to identify distinct vascular phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Three vascular phenotypes were identified: sprouting angiogenesis, neovascular remodeling, and network maturation.
  • Neovascular remodeling, appearing after initial angiogenesis and coinciding with blood flow, is transcriptionally distinct.
  • This intermediate phenotype shows reduced proliferation and disorganized vessels with re-associated mural cells.

Conclusions:

  • The neovascular remodeling phenotype is a distinct, potentially dysfunctional stage, not merely transitional.
  • This phase may be a normal part of neovascularization, explaining microvascular issues in diseased tissues.