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American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Human African trypanosomiasis.

Reto Brun1, Johannes Blum, Francois Chappuis

  • 1Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland. reto.brun@unibas.ch

Lancet (London, England)
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is a neglected tropical disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Urgent needs include better diagnostics, safer drugs, and coordinated vector control for potential elimination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neglected tropical diseases
  • Parasitology
  • Public health in Africa

Background:

  • Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a protozoan parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes nearly all cases, primarily in west and central Africa.
  • Disease prevalence fluctuates with control efforts, often resurging during political instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing and treating sleeping sickness.
  • To emphasize the need for improved interventions against this neglected tropical disease.
  • To discuss the potential for disease elimination through coordinated action.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of sleeping sickness epidemiology and control.
  • Analysis of limitations in existing diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Assessment of requirements for effective vector control and disease elimination.

Main Results:

  • Sleeping sickness is a disabling and fatal disease, with fewer than 12,000 reported cases annually.
  • Current treatments are old, difficult to administer, and associated with severe adverse reactions.
  • Effective control and elimination strategies require integrated, pan-African vector control and strengthened national programs.

Conclusions:

  • New, safe, and effective diagnostic tools and drugs are critically needed.
  • Coordinated, pan-African vector control is essential for managing disease foci.
  • Collaborative efforts among national programs, international organizations, and researchers could lead to the elimination of sleeping sickness.