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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
Ophthalmological screening of a paediatric cochlear implant population: a retrospective analysis and 12-year
K Falzon1, M Guerin, T Fulcher
1Department of Ophthalmology, Beaumont University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. kev.falzon@gmail.com
Insights
Ophthalmological abnormalities are common in children receiving cochlear implants, with refractive errors like hypermetropia being most frequent. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management in this population.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Audiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Cochlear implantation is a common intervention for pediatric hearing loss.
- Ophthalmological comorbidities are frequently associated with hearing impairments.
- Understanding these associations aids in comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the types and frequency of eye conditions in children undergoing cochlear implantation.
- To guide clinicians in developing effective screening and management strategies for this patient group.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records for 141 children (16 months to 9 years) who received cochlear implants.
- Included comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, orthoptic assessments, and cycloplegic refraction.
Main Results:
- Over 41% of children had ocular abnormalities, most commonly refractive errors (14.8% hypermetropia).
- Strabismus occurred in 6% of patients; other ocular pathologies in 6.3%.
- Syndromes like Waardenburg and Usher were noted in 3 patients.
Conclusions:
- Routine eye examinations are beneficial for children evaluated for cochlear implants.
- Electroretinography is recommended for specific cases of congenital hearing loss with visual concerns.
- Yearly follow-up can detect refractive changes and potential retinal issues.
Aims:
To determine the nature and prevalence of ophthalmological findings for a cohort of children in a paediatric cochlear implant program and to assist the clinician in devising an investigative plan for this population.
Methods:
Retrospective medical record review of children who underwent multichannel cochlear implantation at a tertiary care hospital between February 1996 and July 2008.
Results:
In all, 141 children (mean age 28 months, range 16 months to 9 years) had complete medical record documentation consisting of orthoptic and opthalmological examination, including cycloplegic refraction. A total of 59 children (41.8%) had ocular abnormalities with refractive errors being the most common abnormality. Hypermetropia was the most common refractive error and was found in 21 children (14.8%). Strabismus was found in six patients, with constant esotropia being the most common. Ocular pathology (excluding refractive or muscle abnormalities) were found in nine patients (6.3%). Three patients had syndromes associated with ocular findings including Waardenburg and Usher syndrome. During the follow-up period, 14 children were fitted with prescription lenses, 3 had strabismus surgery, and 2 underwent ptosis.
Conclusions:
Routine orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination can be beneficial in the initial evaluation of children assessed for cochlear implants. Electroretinography is useful in evaluating children with unexplained congenital sensorineural hearing loss, suggestive symptoms including night blindness, unexplained reduction in visual acuity, or delayed motor milestones. Routine yearly follow-up may aid in the detection of changing refractive errors and the possibility of later-onset retinal degeneration.