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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Retrieval methods for urinary stones.

Y M Fazil Marickar1, Nandu Nair, Gayathri Varma

  • 1Department of Surgery, Zensa Hospital, Trivandrum, 695009, India. fazilmarickar@hotmail.com

Urological Research
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Open surgery offers the highest urinary stone clearance rates in Kerala. Newer, less invasive treatments for urinary stones require careful patient selection and economic consideration.

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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Urinary stone disease presents a significant health challenge globally and in regions like Kerala.
  • Various treatment modalities exist, but their comparative effectiveness in specific patient populations requires ongoing assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current status and comparative effectiveness of different urinary stone treatment modalities in Kerala.
  • To analyze patient demographics, stone characteristics, treatment outcomes, and complications.
  • To develop a decision-making flowchart for urinary stone management.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 300 patients with urinary stone disease treated at a stone clinic in Kerala.
  • Assessment of clinical symptoms, demographics, stone details (size, number, position), metabolic profiles, and retrieval methods.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes including stone clearance, failure rates, and complications.

Main Results:

  • Open surgery demonstrated the highest stone clearance rates.
  • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) effectiveness varied based on multiple factors.
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) success was influenced by puncture site accuracy and flexible nephoscope availability, with reduced postoperative morbidity.
  • Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) showed questionable indications for small stones (<6 mm) and faced challenges like stone migration and stent-related issues.
  • Double J stents effectively relieved obstruction but had complications like retained or forgotten stents.

Conclusions:

  • Open surgery remains a primary treatment for urinary stones in Kerala.
  • Selection of minimally invasive procedures should be ethical and patient-centered.
  • Treatment decisions must consider patient-specific factors and economic feasibility.