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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Vertigo and autoimmunity.

Roberto Bovo1, Andrea Ciorba, Alessandro Martini

  • 1Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University Hospital of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca, 203, 44100, Ferrara, Italy. roberto.bovo@unife.it

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune inner ear disease, though rare, causes balance disorders and vertigo. Early diagnosis is challenging due to a lack of specific tests, impacting patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an underdiagnosed cause of balance disorders, often overlooked due to non-specific symptoms and lack of diagnostic tests.
  • The vestibulo-cochlear system can be affected in systemic autoimmune diseases, leading to various vestibular and auditory symptoms.
  • AIED is implicated in a subset of Ménière's disease cases and bilateral vestibular paresis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the clinical features of autoimmune vertigo disorders.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical manifestations of AIED.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of autoimmune vertigo disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical features, incidence, and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune inner ear disease accounts for less than 1% of balance disorders.
  • Autoimmune mechanisms contribute to 6% of unilateral and 16% of bilateral Ménière's disease.
  • Central balance disorders can stem from immuno-mediated conditions like multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune vertigo disorders present with diverse symptoms including imbalance, ataxia, and vertigo.
  • The absence of specific diagnostic markers complicates the timely identification and management of AIED.
  • Further research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for autoimmune vestibular conditions.