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Factors contributing to emergence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. as human pathogens

B Doudier1, J Olano, P Parola

  • 1Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.

Veterinary Parasitology
|October 20, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses are emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases affecting both animals and humans. This review covers their rise, diagnostic improvements, and future research directions.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Human Medicine
  • Zoonoses
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses are caused by Anaplasmataceae alpha-proteobacteria.
  • These tick-borne zoonoses have long been recognized in veterinary medicine and are increasingly reported in human medicine.
  • Human cases of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (1986), granulocytic anaplasmosis (1994), and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis (1999) highlight their emergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of human and animal ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses.
  • To highlight their status as emerging infectious diseases.
  • To discuss potential future research directions and candidate pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes existing literature on ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses.
  • It discusses epidemiological trends and diagnostic advancements.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of these diseases is increasing globally.
  • Improved diagnostic methods and surveillance contribute to the rising case numbers.
  • The review identifies key aspects of these emerging zoonotic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses represent significant and growing public health concerns in both veterinary and human medicine.
  • Continued surveillance and research are crucial for understanding and managing these emerging tick-borne diseases.
  • Identifying future candidate pathogens is essential for proactive disease control.

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