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Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Functional electrospray emitters.

Michel Prudent1, Hubert H Girault

  • 1Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

The Analyst
|October 20, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a versatile mass spectrometry technique. Functional emitters enhance ESI by integrating microfluidics, electrochemistry, and aerosol-based reactions for advanced analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a soft ionization technique for mass spectrometry (MS).
  • It involves applying high voltage to a solution, creating charged droplets and ions for gas-phase analysis.
  • ESI's inherent properties allow for functionalization at multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review functional emitters for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
  • To highlight the potential of functional ESI in mass spectrometry.
  • To cover basic concepts and options at three functionalization levels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functionalization strategies for ESI emitters.
  • Discussion of microfluidic integration (mixers, reactors, chromatography) and biphasic ESI (BESI).
  • Exploration of electrochemical functionalities and aerosol-zone applications (DESI, EESI).

Main Results:

  • Functional emitters expand ESI capabilities beyond basic analyte introduction.
  • Microfluidic integration enables on-emitter sample manipulation.
  • Electrochemical and aerosol-based methods offer novel on-line reaction and extraction possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Functional ESI emitters significantly enhance the versatility and applicability of mass spectrometry.
  • The three levels of functionalization (microfluidic, electrochemical, aerosol) offer diverse analytical solutions.
  • This review underscores the growing potential of functional ESI in advanced MS analyses.