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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

[Vaccination and multiple sclerosis].

M Löbermann1, A Winkelmann, E C Reisinger

  • 1Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Tropenmedizin, Infektionskrankheiten und Nephrologie, Universität Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, Rostock,Germany. micha.loebermann@uni-rostock.de

Der Nervenarzt
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccinations are crucial for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to prevent infections that can trigger relapses. While some vaccines pose risks, others like tetanus and hepatitis B are safe and recommended for MS patients.

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Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are susceptible to infections that can exacerbate their condition.
  • Vaccinations are vital for preventing communicable diseases in individuals with chronic illnesses like MS.
  • Concerns regarding potential adverse effects of vaccines on MS course necessitate careful evaluation.

Purpose:

  • To review the indications and specific side effects of vaccinations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To discuss the safety and necessity of vaccinations for MS patients, particularly before and during immunomodulatory therapy.
  • To provide guidance on vaccine selection for MS patients, highlighting risks and benefits.

Summary:

  • Certain vaccines, such as the yellow fever vaccine, are contraindicated in MS due to the risk of disease exacerbation.
  • Vaccines for tetanus and hepatitis B have been found to be safe for MS patients, showing no increased risk of manifestation or disease progression.
  • Adequate protection against vaccine-preventable diseases is essential for MS patients, especially when undergoing immunomodulatory therapy.

Impact:

  • Informs clinical practice regarding safe and effective vaccination strategies for multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Aids healthcare providers in making informed decisions about vaccine recommendations for individuals with MS.
  • Contributes to the improved management and prevention of complications in MS through appropriate immunization.